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Super Proton Synchrotron
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is a particle accelerator of the synchrotron type at CERN. It is housed in a circular tunnel, in circumference,〔(SPS Presentation at AB-OP-SPS Home Page )〕 straddling the border of France and Switzerland near Geneva, Switzerland.〔(Information on CERN Sites ). CERN. Updated 2010-01-26.〕
==History==
The SPS was designed by a team led by John Adams, director-general of what was then known as Laboratory II. Originally specified as a 300 GeV accelerator, the SPS was actually built to be capable of 400 GeV, an operating energy it achieved on the official commissioning date of 17 June 1976. However, by that time, this energy had been exceeded by Fermilab, which reached an energy of 500 GeV on 14 May of that year.〔(CERN courier )〕
The SPS has been used to accelerate protons and antiprotons, electrons and positrons (for use as the injector for the Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP)〔(The LEP Collider - from Design to Approval and Commissioning ), by S. Myers, section 3.8. Last accessed 2010-02-28.〕), and heavy ions.
From 1981 to 1984, the SPS operated as a hadron (more precisely, proton–antiproton) collider (as such it was called SpS), when its beams provided the data for the UA1 and UA2 experiments, which resulted in the discovery of the W and Z bosons. These discoveries and a new technique for cooling particles led to a Nobel Prize for Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer in 1984.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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